| 000 -LEADER |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
02104naa a2200181uu 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
|---|
| control field |
9501 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
|---|
| control field |
OSt |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
|---|
| control field |
20190211154732.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
021218s2005 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d |
| 999 ## - SYSTEM CONTROL NUMBERS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Koha Dewey Subclass [OBSOLETE] |
PHL2MARC21 1.1 |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE |
|---|
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title |
eng |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
WOLFE, Barbara L |
| 9 (RLIN) |
11418 |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
Incentives, challenges, and dilemmas of TANF : |
| Remainder of title |
a case study |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
|---|
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2002 |
| 520 3# - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc. |
This paper compares the incentives inherent in TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), the U.S. welfare system in place after the 1996 reforms, with those of TANF's predecessor, AFDC (Aid to Families with dependent Children), using the experience in one state. Wisconsin, as an example. Is the new program successful in avoiding the "poverty trap" of the old welfare system, in which the marginal tax rates imposed on earnings and benefits were so high that they discouraged work effort outside a narrow earnings range? As women receiving assistance begin working more hours and eaning more, income-conditioned benefits (Food Stamps, EITC, Medicaid, and subsidies for child care) are reduced and withdrawn, in effect constituting a "tax" on earnings. Under TANF, there is more support for these families, at least in Wisconsin, and so economic well-being should be higher for most women with earning in this range than it was under AFDC. But marginal tax rates under TANF remain high, and in some income ranges they are higher than under AFDC. Once in the work force, former TANF recipients have earnings over the long run that expose them to very high marginal tax rates, which decrease the benefits of working harder and make it very difficult to gain full economic independence. Evidence from other sources suggest that most low-skilled women have earnings in the same range and so are likely to face similar reductions in benefits such as child care subsidies or the EITC as their earning increase, even if they are not receiving welfare-related benefits |
| 773 08 - HOST ITEM ENTRY |
|---|
| Title |
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management |
| Related parts |
19, 4, p. 577-586 |
| Place, publisher, and date of publication |
, 2002 |
| Record control number |
|
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Koha item type |
Periódico |
| 998 ## - LOCAL CONTROL INFORMATION (RLIN) |
|---|
| -- |
20021218 |
| Operator's initials, OID (RLIN) |
Lucima |
| Cataloger's initials, CIN (RLIN) |
Lucimara |
| 998 ## - LOCAL CONTROL INFORMATION (RLIN) |
|---|
| -- |
20060529 |
| Operator's initials, OID (RLIN) |
1638^b |
| Cataloger's initials, CIN (RLIN) |
Quiteria |
