Part I: classic discussions On the definition and method of political economy - John Stuart Mill Objectivity and understanding in economics - Max Weber The nature and significance of economic science - Lionel Robbins Economics and human action - Frank Knight Ideology and method in political economy - Karl Marx The limitations of marginal utility - Thorstein Veblen Part II: positivism and economic methodology On verification in economic - Terence W. Hutchison On indirect verification - Fritz Machlup The methodology of positive economics - Milton Friedman Testability and approximation - Herbert Simon Why look under the hood? - Daniel M. Hausman Part III: economics, ideology, and ethics Science and ideology - Joseph Schumpeter Science and ideology in economics - Robert M. Solow Economics, rationality, and ethics - Daniel M. Hausman and Michael S. McPherson Part IV: special methodological problemns and perspectives On econometric tools - Jacob Marschak Economic model construction and econometrics - John Maynard Keynes The corporation and the economist - Dennis C. Mueller The market as a creative process - James M. Buchanan and Viktor J. Vanberg Methodological differences between institutional and neoclassical economics - William Dugger Part V: new philosophical directions and questions Paradigms versus reserch programmes in the history of economics - Mark Blaug If economics isn't science, what is it? - Alexander Rosenberg The rhetoric of economics - Donald N. McCloskey