Observations on the state of alternative economic theory Problems and plan Some basic concepts and issues in the social sciences Society and individuals Knowledge about society Some basic issues in political economy Definitional issues in political economy and economics Institutions and the classical view of society The classical heritage and the keynesian problem Layers of reality and the treatment of time: system equilibrium versus uncertainty and expectations Remarks on integrating theory and history Towards a coherent system of political economy Extending Keynes to the long run The trend and the cycle A theory of long-period output and employment A theory of the medium term: cycles-cum-growth Some remarks on uncertainty and money Classical-keynesian political economy and neoclassical aconomics Two visions of society Neoclassical equilibrium economics and classical-keynesian polical economy Methodological issues: positive causal models versus normative equilibrium models Production, exchange and visions of society The significance of the capital-theory debate Some remarks on the theory of knowledge implied in classical-keynesian political economy and in neoclassical economics An alternative theory of economic policy The notion of equilibrium and economics policies A normative classical-keynesian system Some classical-keynesian policy principles Political economy in a wider context Political economy, social philosophy and the philosophy of history Methodological implications Society and the state on humanist lines Ways ahead