The article discusses the “shortterm” alienation that has infected most of economists both in the

university and government, and even the entrepreneur leadership in the last 30 years. It suggests a

thought into a new long-term national project for the Brazilian economy. There is a first reflection,

historical and theoretical, on crucial issues affecting the understanding of the key problems of

underdevelopment. A second reflection highlights the main challenges for the resumption

of development. A third outlines a broader study that allows us to upgrade the diagnosis and

structure of the meaning and the main aspects – at the end of the text – that should guide the

construction of a new national development project outside the boundaries of neoliberalism