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Introduction The Implementation Era Overcoming Impediments to Further Advances in Knowledge Two "Generations" of Research on Implementation Third-Generation Research Implementation Theory and Practice Three Cases of Intergovernmental Implementation The Plan of This Book CHAPTER 1 - A Dynamic Model of Implementation Understanding Why Implementors Behave as They Do The Model and Candidate Theory Model Components Conclusion CHAPTER 2 - Implementation Styles and Their Consequences The Variability of Implementation Dimensions of Implementation Behavior Observations of Implementation Decisions and Actions The Results of Implementation Conclusion CHAPTER 3 - Federal-Level Inducements and Constraints National Policy as Federal Messages Message Content Message Form Perceptions About the Federal Principals Conclusion CHAPTER 4 - State- and Local-Level Inducements and Constraints The Importance of the Subnational Context Members of the Subnational Context The Subnational Environment: Recent Results Initial Findings from Our Research Inducements and Constraints for Other Programs Conclusion CHAPTER 5 - Organizational Capacity Organizational Capacity: A Theoretical Overview Organizational Structure Personnel Financial Resources Conclusion CHAPTER 6 - State Ecological Capacity The Importance of State Ecological Capacity Defining State Ecological Capacity: Key Components and Findings Preliminary Findings About Ecological Capacity Conclusion CHAPTER 7 - Feedback and Policy Redesign Conceptual Clarification How Members of Congress Behave: A Review Explaining Responsiveness The Practice of Policy Redesign: The Family Planning Case Conclusion CHAPTER 8 - A Third-Generation Design for Research The Communications Model and Its Hypotheses Method of Analysis for Implementation A "'Mixed-Method" Approach to Studying Implementation The Challenge Ahead Conclusion Communications Model Research Findings Caveats Some Practical Advice Appendix: Chronology of Important Developments in the Implementation of Hazardous Waste Management, Clean-Water, and Family Planning Programs Legislative History of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 Legislative History of Clean Water Act of 1972 Legislative History of Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970 References Index

This book offers an innovative, scientific approach to the study of policy implementation. The authors assess two decades of research and provide a dynamic, “third generation” model of implementation analysis that uses communications theory to integrate ‘to-down” and “bottom up” perspectives. Case studies on the implementation of three major policies – the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, the 1972 Amendments to the Clean Water Act, and the Family Planning Services Act of 1970 – show how the model works.