PART 1 - Introduction 1. What Is a Policy Tool? An Overview of the Tools Approach to Public Policy - Michael Howlett 2. The History of the Tools Approach in the Policy Sciences: Key Definitions and Problematics - Michael Howlett 3. Where Tools Are Deployed in the Policy Process: Policy Instruments and the Policy Cycle - Michael Howlett 4. The Need to Understand and Integrate Procedural and Substantive Tools - Achim Lang PART II - Basic Concepts 5. How Tools Work: Policy Instruments as Activators and Mechanisms - Gilberto Capano and Michael Howlett 6. What Tools Do: Policy Targeting and Behaviour - Michael Howlett 7. Portfolios of Policy Tools: Types of Policy Mixes - Michael Howlett and Pablo del Rio 8. Understanding Primary and Secondary Relationships Among Policy Tools in Policy Mixes - Michael Howlett, M. Ramesh and Azad Singh Bali PART III - Agenda-Setting Tools 9. Agenda-Setting Tools in Theory and Practice - Richa Shivakoti and Michael Howlett 10. Formal Agenda-Setting Government Tools: Periodic Evaluations and Reviews - Valerie Pattyn and Pirmin Bundi 11. Tools to Promote Popular Mobilization and Social Advocacy: Social Identities, Policy Programs, Careers, and Education - Johanna Hornung and Nils C. Bandelow 12. Consultation Tools and Agenda-Setting - Bert Fraussen 13. Tools for Managing the Media: Monitoring, Branding and Messaging - Alex Marland PARTE IV - Policy Formulation Tools 14. Policy Formulation Tools: New Perspectives - Elisa Helena Xiol Y Ferreira, Andrew Jordan and John Turnpenny 15. Indicators and Measures as Policy Tools - Markku Lehtonen 16. A Tools-Based Approach to Understanding and Optimizing Policy Advice in Policy Making - Jonathan Craft 17. Tools for Structuring Policy Advice: Commissions of Inquiry and Task Forces as Policy Formulation Instruments - Gregory J. Inwood and Carolyn M. Johns 18. Collaboration as a Policy Tool in the Policy Process - Sba Siddiki, Jonathan E. Beagles and Nicholas Oesterling PAERT V - Decision-Making Tools 19. Supporting Decision-Making Wthin the Policy Cycle: Techniques and Tools - Irene Pluchinotta, Katherine A. Daniell and Alexis Tsoukiàs 20. Scenario Analysis, Forecasting and Backcasting as Policy Tools - Martijn van der Steen 21. Formal Problem Structuring Tools and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis - Mika Marttunen, Judit Lienert and Valerie Belton 22. Simulation Modeling as a Policy Tool - Bernardo Alves Furtado 23. Policy Experiments and Pilots as Tools for Decision-Making - Sreeja Nair PART VI - Policy Implementation Tools 24. The Organizational Tools of Government: The "Forgotten Fundamental" - Michael Howlett 25. Implementing Regulatory Policy: Regulatory Tools and the Use of Authority - Eric Windholz 26. Treasure Tools: Using Public Funds to Achieve Policy Objectives - Bronwyn McIlroy-Young, Daniel Henstra and Jason Thistlethwaite 27. Information as a Policy Tool: The Role of Government Communication - Michael Howlett 28. Non-State Market-Driven Tools: Capacity Challenges in Non-State Governance Contexts - Benjamin Cashore PART VII - Policy Evaluation Tools 29. Theoretical Framework for Public Policy Evaluation: Investigative Designs and Outcomes in a Global Setting - Lilian Ribeiro de Oliveira and Claudia Souza Passador 30. Policy Evaluation Instruments: Tools for Learning - Antje Witting 31. Tools in Internal and External Evaluations - Nihit Goyal and Michael Howlett 32. Administrative Procedure as a Tool for Participatory and Efficient Public Governance - Polonca Kovac 33. The Transformative Potential of Evaluation asa Policy Tool - Jill Anne Chouinard and Tamara Krawchenko PART VIII - Selecting and Mixing Tools 34. Policy Tools and (New) Governance Arrangements: Policy Mixes and Their Effectiveness - Michael Howlett and Jeremy Rayner 35. Measuring Policy Instrument Interactions in Policy Mixes: Surveying the Conceptual and Methodological Landscape - Moshe Maor and Michael Howlett 36. Policy Tools and the Attributes of Effectiveness: Spaces, Mixes and Instruments - M. Kerem Coban and Azad Singh Bali 37. Changing the Composition of Policy Mixes: Lock-in, Path Dependency and the Sequencing of Policy Tools - Michael Howlett 38. Changing Policy Tools on the Fly: Calibrating Policy Instruments - M. Ramesh and Michael Howlett PART IX - The Future of Policy Tools 39. The Future of Policy Tools: Past Trends and Current Directions - Sarah Giest, Ishani Mukherjee and Michael Howlett 40. Collaboration as the Future of Organizational Tools - Anka Kekez 41. Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Regulatory Tools - Fernando de Barros Filgueiras 42. The Future of Financial Tools: Will Social Impact Bonds Yield Results? - Daniel Bromberg 43. The Future of Informational Tools WithBig Data Informatics: Opportunities and Challenge for Evidence-Based Policymaking - M. Jae Moon and Sabinne Lee 44. The Future of Behavioural Tools in Public Policy - Stuti Rawat and Michael Howlett Index