What? The start of the third wave The meaning of democracy The waves of democratization The issues of democratization Why? Explaining waves Explaining democratization waves Explaining the third wave Declining legitimacy and the performance dilemma Economic development and economic crises Religious changes New policies of external actors Demonstration effects or snowballing From causes to causers How?Processes of democratizayion Authoritarian regimes Transition processes Transformations Guidelines for democratizers Reforming authoritarian systems Replacements Guidelines for democratizers: overthrowing authoritarian regimes Transplacements Guidelines for democratizers: negotiating regime changes How? Characteristics of democratization The third wave democratization syndrome Compromise and the participation/moderation trade-off Elections: stunning and otherwise Low levels of violence How long? Consolidation and its problems The torturer problem: prosecute and punish vs Forgive and forget Guidelines for democratizers: dealing with authoritarian crimes The praetorian problem: rebellious and powerful militaries Guidelines for democratizers: curbing military power, promoting military professionalism Contextual problems, disillusionment, and authoritarian nostalgia Developing a democratic political culture Institutionalizing democratic political behaviour Conditions favoring consolidation of new democracies Whither? Third wave causes: continuing, weakening, chaning? A third reverse wave? Further democratization: obstacles and opportunities Economic development and political leadership

Regimes Politicos

Regimes Autoritarios