The purpose of this article is to provide various views on problems derived from the implementation of New Public Management in the public administrations of Latin countries (Latin America and Mediterranean Europe). The problems observed are five: 1) While in most of the countries in Latin America and Mediterranean Europe, a political debate has yet to take place in regard to the State model to be implmented, new managment tools for a neo-corporate New Public Management have been decided, based on ideological and administrative valuer, that,over time, will define the new State model. That is to say, the how (form of management) will dfine the waht (State model).2) Many of the presumed benefits of the New Public Management tools are lost when they are implemented in countries with an administrative culture and tradition that differs from the Anglo-Saxon; instead, they are transofrmed into strategies that hinder the efforts to achieve efficacy and efficiency in those public institutions that have decide to "import" these modernizing strategies. 3) Most Latin American public administrations lack a solid and conhesive organizational culture built on public values. Faced withi this situation of cultural weakness, the introduction of neo-corporate values by the New Public Management is considered to be negative due to the fact that the measn (economy, efficacy and efficienty) are transformed into the ends; public programs lose sight ot gheir critical objectives and of the citizen groups to which they are targeted. 4) The combination of externalization (public services rendered by private for - or non-profit organizations), which is the principal strategy of the New Public Management, and a neo-corporate culture could lead in the future to serious consequences for our public administrations, for example, the transfer of the public agenda to private actors, and problems of public aents being "captured"by private agents. 5) In Latin countries, the post-bureaucracy advocated by the New Public Management will i many cases turn into a pre-bureaucratic model, wherein clientelism and juridicial insecurity will prevail. To conclude, it can be said that the neo-corporate strategies of the New Public Management may be useful in improving the economy and the efficacy and efficiency of public administrations in Latin countries and in contributing to human development in these societies. However, in order for these strategies to be possible with positive performance, at least three requirements must be fulfilled: firstly, to define a home-grown State model, issuing from each country`s social compact and to establish new public institutions in line with the historical tradition and administative culture of ecah national, so as to prevent decoupling phenomena of an incomplete and imperfect iso morphism. Secondly, the corporate values associated with the more relvevant strategies of the New Public Management must be balanced with the establishment of neo-public values: at first, basic public values must be instituted, to which efficiency-building valuers will be added. thirdly, a Relational Administration is required to invest in technical training the will prepare public officials in order to face up to the complexcities of network management