BASINGER, Scott J.; HALLERBERG, Mark <br/><br/>
Remodeling the competition for capital :  how domestic politics erases the race to the bottom 

 - New York :  Cambridge University Press,  May 2004 
<br/><br/> This paper proposes and tests a new formal model of the competition for capital, using the analogy of a "tournament" as a substitute for the "race-to-the-bottom" model. Our key insight is that political costs that accompany legislating have both direct and indirect effects on the likelihood and scale of reforms. While coutries with higher political costs are less likely themselves to enact reforms, the presence of these costs also reduces competing countries' incentives to reform regardlless of their own political costs. Domestic politics therefore mitigates the pressures for downward convergence of tax policy despite increased capital mobility. We examine the capital tax policies in OECD countries during the period from 1980 to 1997 and find that states are sensitive to tax reforms in competitor countries, although their responses to reforms are mediated by theyr own domestic costs to reform. We define two potential sources of political costs of reform: transaction costs, due to presence of multiple veto players in the legislative process, abd constituency costs, due to ideological opposition to policu changes that benefit capital. Our evidence reveals that a reduction in these costs either domestically or abroad increases the likelihood that a country enacts tax reforms.