LESAGE, Michel <br/><br/>
Russie, Pologne :  entre décentralisation et fédéralisme 

 - Paris :  IIAP,  oct./déc. 2000 
<br/><br/> Prior to 1991, central and local bodies in Russia, like those in Poland, were subject to the authority of the Party. Since 1991, Poland has opted for regionalisation, creating sixteen voïodies, which are autonomous constituencies operating at the level of the region and are autonomous with regard to government action. At the head of each of these is a voïvode, a political figure dependent upon the government. Russia, on the order hand, has chosen a federalist path, creating eighty-nine subjects of the Federation, directed by elected governors (Presidents for the Republics and heads of administration for the kraïds and oblasts). On 13 May 2000, however, in order to ensure the unity of the State, Vladimir Poutine created seven federal districts above the eighty-nine subjects of the Federation in which he has nominated representatives with a full range of powers