TIMSIT, Gérard <br/><br/>
L'échec, mode d'emploi 

 - Paris :  IIAP,  juil./sept. 1998 
<br/><br/> Failure might be for an institution just a type of apprenticeship. However, to reflect on reforms sends one back to quite a few myths that can be explained by the refutations of reality. A real critical and thought out session about reforms is needed and, in this regard, a few precations must be taken. Administrative reform suffers, in fact, of an over rationalisation of the object to which is applied and of an under rationalization of the strategies that are used. To envolve, one must use in the most rigorous manner possible a system of evaluation ex-post and ex-ante