000			01696naa a2200181uu 4500
001			6111411085121
003			OSt
005			20240306154629.0
008			061114s1998 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_919993 _aMaranto, Robert
245	1	0	_aThinking the unthinkable in public administration : _ba case for spoils in the federal bureaucracy
260			_aThousand Oaks : _bSAGE, _cJanuary 1998
520	3		_aThis article argues for ending tenure in the federal civil service. Arguments for tenure, and by extension against the old spoils system, are lacking. Even in the 19th century, relatively few federal managers lost their jobs after party changes. At the same time, limited rotation made the civil service relatively innovative and legitimate. Today, media scrutiny, more programmatic parties and presidents, and the limited capacity of the White House suggest that if presidential appointment authority were vastly expanded, the results would be modest. Such results as would occur might empower political leaders to accomplish more of their objectives and to remake under performing organizations, as well as empower career managers (who would still exist) to better lead their organizations. Each tendency would increase the effectiveness, representation, and legitimacy of the bureaucracy without necessarily increasing corruption. My arguments do not apply to state and local governments, which often operate in less competitive political environments
773	0	8	_tAdministration & Society _g29, 6, p. 623-642 _dThousand Oaks : SAGE, January 1998 _xISSN 00953997 _w
942			_cS
998			_a20061114 _b1108^b _cNatália
998			_a20100805 _b1603^b _cCarolina
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c19804 _d19804
041			_aeng