000			02222naa a2200217uu 4500
001			7012909360724
003			OSt
005			20190211162423.0
008			070129s1998 bl ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_aBEERS, Cees Van _930704
245	1	0	_aPerverse subsidies, international trade and the environment
260			_aBrasília : _bIPEA, _cdez. 1998
520	3		_aThe classic economic theory of international trade evaluates free trade favorably as it is considered to make full or optimal use of existing comparative advantages. Another branch of economics, welfare theory, teaches us that international trade governed by prices that do not take external effects into account, will only lead to a suboptimal international allocation of activities and commodities, and an associated suboptimal international income distribution.
520	3		_aAgainst this background the relationship between international trade and environmental policy will be examined in this paper. The discussion whether trade measures can fulfill a useful role as either a replacement of, or a complement to, environmental measures has become a fuzzy one as it is very hard to determine what "correct" prices are for two reasons. In the first place, prices of many internationally traded commodities are not correct because external environmental effects are not incorporated. Secondly, many prices are distorted towards the "private market determined competitive price" because of subsidies. In this paper we analyze the relationship between perverse subsidies and international trade and hence on environmental degradation. Many of the global $950 billion in government subsidies work out perversely. In particular producer subsidies turn out trade distorting and environmentally harmful. With the aim to eliminate or at least to reduce these subsidies, some brief policy proposals are presented
700	1		_aMOOR, André de _930705
773	0	8	_tPlanejamento e Políticas Públicas - PPP _g18, p. 49-68 _dBrasília : IPEA, dez. 1998 _xISSN 01034138 _w
856	4	2	_uhttp://www.ipea.gov.br/ppp/index.php/PPP/article/view/98/101 _yAcesso
942			_cS
998			_a20070129 _b0936^b _cZailton
998			_a20140205 _b1622^b _cNelson
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c22244 _d22244
041			_aeng