000			02725naa a2200217uu 4500
001			7052319314410
003			OSt
005			20190211162954.0
008			070523s2007 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_aDELMAS, Magali A _931975
245	1	0	_aThe diffusion of environmental management standards in Europe and in the United States : _ban institutional perspective
260			_aDordrecht, Netherlands : _bSpringer, _cMarch 2002
520	3		_aISO 14001, released in 1996, provides the basic framework for the establishment of an Environmental Management System (EMS) that can be audited and certified. ISO is not only an acronym for the International Organization for Standardization, but is also a term that refers to its Greek meaning: equal. The main rationale for the creation of ISO 14001 was that its worldwide acceptance should facilitate international trade by harmonizing otherwise diffuse environmental management standards and by providing an internationally accepted blueprint for sustainable development, pollution prevention, and compliance assurance.
520	3		_aHowever, the implementation of ISO 14001 varies significantly across the globe. A significant number of firms have adopted ISO 14001 in Western Europe and Asia. In December 1999, 52% of the 14,106 ISO 14001 certified facilities were located in Western Europe and 36% in Asia. On the contrary, very few American companies have adopted this voluntary standard. U.S. certified facilities accounted for only 4.5% of the total of ISO 14001 certified facilities in the world in December 1999.
520	3		_aThe U.S. institutional environment seems acting as a deterrent to ISO 14000 adoption as U.S. companies are fearful of the certification process which lays their performance open to public scrutiny. The opposite is true in Europe, where governments have encouraged the adoption of environmental management standards by setting up a trusted certification system and providing technical assistance to potential adopters.
520	3		_aThis paper offers a conceptual framework to analyze this variation in adoption rates. It is proposed that the regulatory, normative and cognitive aspects of a country's institutional environment greatly impact the costs and potential benefits of ISO 14001 adoption and therefore explain the differences in adoption across countries. The analysis is supported by data collected from a phone questionnaire to 140 firms in Europe and a questionnaire mailed to 152 firms in the U.S
773	0	8	_tPolicy Sciences _g35, 1, p. 91-119 _dDordrecht, Netherlands : Springer, March 2002 _xISSN 0032-2687 _w
942			_cS
998			_a20070523 _b1931^b _cTiago
998			_a20070604 _b1440^b _cZailton
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c23611 _d23611
041			_aeng