000			02399naa a2200193uu 4500
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003			OSt
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008			081031s2008 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_aANDREWS, Josephine T. _935710
245	1	0	_aIf Winning isn't everything, why do they keep score? : _bconsequences of electoral performance for party leaders
260			_aCambridge, UK : _bCambridge University Press, _cOctober 2008
520	3		_aThe premise that parties are fundamentally motivated by office-seeking is common, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to its empirical validity. We approach this issue by analysing how parties respond to their electoral performance. Casting party leaders as the embodiment of their parties, we then examine the degree to which the length of time party leaders retain their position hinges on their party's electoral success, defined with reference both to the party's share of legislative seats and to its presence or absence in government. Our analyses centre on six parliamentary democracies in which the government is always formed by one of the two major parties either alone or in coalition with a minor party (Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Ireland and New Zealand) in the years from 1945 through 2000. Results indicate that party leaders' risk of removal hinges substantially on their party's seat share and/or their party's presence in government. More specifically, we find that as the seat share of both major and minor parties increases, the chance that the party leader will be removed decreases. Likewise, if a major party loses its role in government, the chance that the party leader will be removed increases dramatically. Although presence in government has no significant impact on the tenure in office of party leaders of minor parties, the magnitude of the effect is indistinguishable from that for major parties. Beyond providing strong evidence that parties are at their core motivated by electoral performance, we also estimate the magnitude of the electoral imperative, at least as it pertains to party leaders
700	1		_aJACKMAN, Robert W _916661
773	0	8	_tBritish journal of political science _g38, 4, p. 657-675 _dCambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, October 2008 _xISSN 00071234 _w
942			_cS
998			_a20081031 _b1809^b _cTiago
998			_a20081111 _b1114^b _cZailton
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c27711 _d27711
041			_aeng