000			01903naa a2200181uu 4500
001			0041909593137
003			OSt
005			20190211171045.0
008			100419s2005 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_aMARIER, Patrik _935563
245	1	0	_aWhere did the bureaucrats go? Role and influence of the public bureaucracy in the swedish and french pension reform debate
260			_aMalden : _bWiley-Blackwell, _cOctober 2005
520	3		_aThis article has two key objectives. First, despite having been considered as a key element to favor the expansion and elaboration of the welfare state in industrial countries, bureaucrats have been largely ignored by the "New" Politics of the Welfare State. This article demonstrates that bureaucrats still matter in times of retrenchment, because they can facilitate or obstruct various phases of the policy process. The degree of independence of the bureaucracy vis-à-vis the government, the government's level of dependency and trust on public expertise, the locus of ministerial power, and political deadlocks contribute to either accentuate or decrease the influence of the bureaucracy in the retrenchment of social policies. Second, these elements are analyzed via a comparison of the pension reform processes in France and Sweden. This article argues that the French bureaucracy, despite its high degree of centralization and powers, has been far less successful than its Swedish counterpart. The Swedish institutional structure, the predominance of social ministries in pension affairs, and the trust given to an independent agency account for this puzzling outcome.
773	0	8	_tGovernance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions _g18, 4, p. 521-544 _dMalden : Wiley-Blackwell, October 2005 _xISSN 09521895 _w
942			_cS
998			_a20100419 _b0959^b _cDaiane
998			_a20100420 _b1425^b _cCarolina
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c32449 _d32449
041			_aeng