000			02565naa a2200193uu 4500
001			0060715571037
003			OSt
005			20190211172537.0
008			100607s1995 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_aGUSTAFSON, Daniel J. _940616
245	1	0	_aEnhancing sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa : _bconcepts, recommendations and illustrations
260			_aNew York : _bMarcel Dekker, _c1995
520	3		_aIn recent years, the concept of sustainable development has received renewed attention. As global resources shrink and needs continue to grow, the staying power of development impact is becoming central concern of both governments and donors. Recent studies have shown that only a small percentage of projects throughout the world have achieved sustainability, and the need for improving the long-term vitality of development investments is growing. No area in the world has shown more need of this than Africa. This paper outlines a conceptual approach for analyzing sustainability and synthesizes the lessons learned from the application of this model in recent field work. The model is based on the theory that two preconditions must exist before sustainability can occur: 1 ) commitment to long term sustainable development; and 2) beneficiary and stakeholder involvement via incentives which support achieving sustainability . Fieldwork-based recommendations to enhance sustainability include: 1) understand the long-term incentive structure that drives the project; 2) identify performance targets and communicate results early-on; 3) identify long-term recurrent costs and funding options; 4) build in flexibility to the project plan; 5) build-in ways for participants to support and “take ownership” of the project; 6) use local resources, both human and physical, and keep technologies simple; and 7) use marketing strategies to reinforce perceived, satisfactory benefits of the project. Case examples of successful African projects from West Africa, Burkina Faso and Kenya illustrate the application of the sustainability concepts. In the context of these illustrations, the sustainability framework appears useful for understanding and analyzing sustainability and provides a necessary addition to thinking about development projects and programs.
700	1		_aINGLE, Marcus D. _940617
773	0	8	_tInternational Journal of Public Administration - IJPA _g18, 9, p. 1341-1364 _dNew York : Marcel Dekker, 1995 _xISSN 01900692 _w
942			_cS
998			_a20100607 _b1557^b _cDaiane
998			_a20100616 _b1029^b _cCarolina
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c34110 _d34110
041			_aeng