000			02104naa a2200181uu 4500
001			7434
003			OSt
005			20190211154249.0
008			021001s2005 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_aADAMS, James _985
245	1	0	_aA theory of spatial competition with biased voters; party policies viewed temporally and comparatively
260			_c2001
520	3		_aThe spatial maps of parties` poliy programmes published by the Manifesto Research Group (MRG) for the European Consortium for Political research reveal the following empirical patterns: that parties differentiate their policy positions from one another; than parties rearely leapfrog each other,;that parties shift their positions over time but only within "ideologically delimited"areas of the policy space. These findings are not well explained by existing spatial models of pary competition, which typically predict policy convergence and which moreover do not examine temporal patterns of party policies. This article modifies the standard Downsian model to incorporate a concept originally developed by Chapman that, in addition to policies, voters are motivated by non-policy considerations arising from such factors as party leaders` images, social-psychological attachments rooted in class, religion, ethnicity and so on. For this `biased vote` model I present illustrative arguments that vote-seeking parties are motivated to differentiate their policy positions from each other, and that over time they can be expected to vary their policy proposals but without leapfrogging -predictions that accord well with the MRG`s empirical findings. I apply the biased vote model to empirical data on the distributions of voter preferences in recent British and French elections. My results support the illustrative arguments, and also suggest that these arguments apply even when the degree of voter bias in the electorateis quite low
773	0	8	_tBritish Journal of political science _g31, 1, p. 121-158 _d, 2001 _w
942			_cS
998			_a20021001 _bCassio _cCassio
998			_a20060516 _b0906^b _cQuiteria
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c7587 _d7587
041			_aeng