000			01663naa a2200193uu 4500
001			8653
003			OSt
005			20190211154521.0
008			021126s2005 xx ||||gr |0|| 0 eng d
100	1		_aROSE, Richard _99189
245	1	0	_aDemocratization backwards : _bthe problem of third-wave democracies
260			_c2001
520	3		_aCountries in the third wave of democratization have introduced competitive elections before establishing basic institutions of a modern state such as the rule of law, institutions of civil society and the accountability of governors. By contrast, countries in the first wave of democratization became modern states before universal suffrage was introduced. Because they have democratized backwards, most third-wave countries are currently incomplete democracies. Incomplete democracies can develop in three different ways: completing democratization; repudiating free elections and turning to an undemocratic alternative; or falling into a low-level equilibrium trap in which the inadequacies of elities are matched by low popular demands and expectations. The significance of incomplete democratization is shown by analysing public opinion survey data from three new democracies varying in their predecessor regimes: the Russian Federation (a totalitarian past); the Czech Republic (both a democratic and a totalitarian past) and the Republic of Korea( formerly an authoritarian military regime)
700	1		_aSHIN, Doh Chull _917973
773	0	8	_tBritish Journal of Political Science _g31, 2, p. 331-354 _d, 2001 _w
942			_cS
998			_a20021126 _bCassio _cCassio
998			_a20060626 _b1443^b _cQuiteria
999			_aConvertido do Formato PHL _bPHL2MARC21 1.1 _c8798 _d8798
041			_aeng