Emprego Feminino : O que Há de Novo e o que se Repete
By: LAVINAS, Lena
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ArticlePublisher: Rio de Janeiro : IUPERJ, 1997Subject(s): emale employment in the 1990s | Job segregation by gender | Gender discrimination on the labor marketOnline resources: Acesso Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais 40, 1, p. 41-68Abstract: Based on Brazilian census data for 1985-95 (PNAD), the article offers evidence concerning recent changes in female employment. In doing so, it calls into question the current notion that when women become more economically active, male joblessness rates rise over the long run. If it is true that jobs are scarce at this moment of productive restructuring and that the market now favors women over men, it is also true that this has transpired without substantially shifting job standards that display sharp gender segregation. Nevertheless, there are promising signs that labor market inequalities between men and women are decreasing in terms of remuneration, particularly beyond the bounds of the wage relation. These changes, however, would appear to benefit a relatively limited group of women, that is, those with college degrees. These women are the only ones who wield any effective bargaining power on the labor market, although relative. Inequalities between women are thus increasing while differences between the genders have not yet been overcome.
Based on Brazilian census data for 1985-95 (PNAD), the article offers evidence concerning recent changes in female employment. In doing so, it calls into question the current notion that when women become more economically active, male joblessness rates rise over the long run. If it is true that jobs are scarce at this moment of productive restructuring and that the market now favors women over men, it is also true that this has transpired without substantially shifting job standards that display sharp gender segregation. Nevertheless, there are promising signs that labor market inequalities between men and women are decreasing in terms of remuneration, particularly beyond the bounds of the wage relation. These changes, however, would appear to benefit a relatively limited group of women, that is, those with college degrees. These women are the only ones who wield any effective bargaining power on the labor market, although relative. Inequalities between women are thus increasing while differences between the genders have not yet been overcome.
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